Whether you see life's gains as slices of a fixed pie — where one person's win is another's loss — or as something that can grow, where success can be created and shared.
The Belief in a Zero-Sum Game scale (Różycka-Tran, Boski & Wojciszke, 2015) is a validated measure, tested across 37 nations, of the conviction that life is antagonistic — that the pool of goods is fixed, so one person's gain must come at another's loss. It is a belief about how the world works, not an economic policy view, and is described here neutrally as a leaning with neither end labelled right. (Belief in a Zero-Sum Game scale (Różycka-Tran, Boski & Wojciszke, 2015))