Core values (Schwartz)
The guiding principles you live by — from Schwartz's map of ten basic values found across cultures worldwide. Pick the ones that pull hardest for you.
Based on Shalom Schwartz's theory of basic human values (1992; refined 2012), one of the most cross-culturally validated frameworks in social psychology — its ten values have been surveyed in over 80 countries, including through the European Social Survey. The values sit on a circle, so pursuing some (like benevolence and universalism) tends to pull against others (like power and achievement). Offered as a reflective self-portrait of what guides you, with no value ranked above another. (Schwartz's theory of basic human values / Portrait Values Questionnaire (Schwartz, 1992))
Groups
- Self-direction — Independent thought and action — choosing, creating, and exploring on your own terms.
- Stimulation — Excitement, novelty, and challenge — a life full of new experiences.
- Hedonism — Pleasure and enjoyment — savouring life's sensory delights.
- Achievement — Personal success — demonstrating competence and meeting high standards.
- Power — Status and influence — prestige and control over people or resources.
- Security — Safety and stability — harmony and dependability in yourself, your relationships, and society.
- Conformity — Politeness and self-restraint — avoiding actions that upset others or break social norms.
- Tradition — Respect for custom — honouring the ideas and practices your culture or faith hands down.
- Benevolence — Caring for your circle — devotion to the welfare of the people close to you.
- Universalism — Care for all — understanding, fairness, and protection for everyone and for nature.
References
- Schwartz, S. H., & Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a universal psychological structure of human values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Schwartz, S. H., Cieciuch, J., Vecchione, M., Davidov, E., Fischer, R., Beierlein, C., et al. (2012). Refining the theory of basic individual values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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