Nationality / citizenship

A classification of people by the sovereign state of which they are a national or citizen. The modern framework of nation-states crystallised in Europe after the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and spread worldwide through the 19th and 20th centuries; it sorts people by the country whose legal membership they hold.

Nationality is a legal and administrative status, not a scientific taxonomy; it reflects state membership and is recorded by governments rather than empirically derived. (Sovereign-state framework, codified by the United Nations (founded 1945); list reflects UN member and observer states.)

Groups

• Afghanistan — Country in South-Central Asia.
• Albania — Country in Southeast Europe.
• Algeria — Country in North Africa.
• Andorra — Microstate in the Pyrenees of Southwest Europe.
• Angola — Country in Central Africa.
• Antigua and Barbuda — Island country in the Caribbean.
• Argentina — Country in South America.
• Armenia — Country in the South Caucasus of West Asia.
• Australia — Country in Oceania.
• Austria — Country in Central Europe.
• Azerbaijan — Country in the South Caucasus of West Asia.
• Bahamas — Island country in the Caribbean.
• Bahrain — Island country in the Persian Gulf of West Asia.
• Bangladesh — Country in South Asia.
• Barbados — Island country in the Caribbean.
• Belarus — Country in Eastern Europe.
• Belgium — Country in Western Europe.
• Belize — Country in Central America.
• Benin — Country in West Africa.
• Bhutan — Country in South Asia in the eastern Himalayas.
• Bolivia — Country in South America.
• Bosnia and Herzegovina — Country in Southeast Europe.
• Botswana — Country in Southern Africa.
• Brazil — Country in South America.
• Brunei — Country in Southeast Asia on the island of Borneo.
• Bulgaria — Country in Southeast Europe.
• Burkina Faso — Country in West Africa.
• Burundi — Country in East Africa.
• Cabo Verde — Island country off the coast of West Africa.
• Cambodia — Country in Southeast Asia.
• Cameroon — Country in Central Africa.
• Canada — Country in North America.
• Central African Republic — Country in Central Africa.
• Chad — Country in Central Africa.
• Chile — Country in South America.
• China — Country in East Asia.
• Colombia — Country in South America.
• Comoros — Island country in the Indian Ocean off East Africa.
• Congo (Republic of the Congo) — Country in Central Africa, also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo — Country in Central Africa, also known as Congo-Kinshasa.
• Costa Rica — Country in Central America.
• Côte d'Ivoire — Country in West Africa, also known as Ivory Coast.
• Croatia — Country in Southeast Europe.
• Cuba — Island country in the Caribbean.
• Cyprus — Island country in the Eastern Mediterranean.
• Czechia — Country in Central Europe, also known as the Czech Republic.
• Denmark — Country in Northern Europe (Scandinavia).
• Djibouti — Country in the Horn of Africa.
• Dominica — Island country in the Caribbean.
• Dominican Republic — Country in the Caribbean sharing the island of Hispaniola.
• Ecuador — Country in South America.
• Egypt — Country in North Africa, spanning into West Asia via the Sinai.
• El Salvador — Country in Central America.
• Equatorial Guinea — Country in Central Africa.
• Eritrea — Country in the Horn of Africa.
• Estonia — Country in Northern Europe (the Baltics).
• Eswatini — Country in Southern Africa, formerly known as Swaziland.
• Ethiopia — Country in the Horn of East Africa.
• Fiji — Island country in the South Pacific (Oceania).
• Finland — Country in Northern Europe.
• France — Country in Western Europe.
• Gabon — Country in Central Africa.
• Gambia — Country in West Africa.
• Georgia — Country in the South Caucasus of West Asia.
• Germany — Country in Central Europe.
• Ghana — Country in West Africa.
• Greece — Country in Southeast Europe.
• Grenada — Island country in the Caribbean.
• Guatemala — Country in Central America.
• Guinea — Country in West Africa.
• Guinea-Bissau — Country in West Africa.
• Guyana — Country on the northern coast of South America.
• Haiti — Country in the Caribbean sharing the island of Hispaniola.
• Honduras — Country in Central America.
• Hungary — Country in Central Europe.
• Iceland — Island country in the North Atlantic of Northern Europe.
• India — Country in South Asia.
• Indonesia — Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
• Iran — Country in West Asia.
• Iraq — Country in West Asia.
• Ireland — Island country in Northwest Europe.
• Israel — Country in West Asia on the eastern Mediterranean.
• Italy — Country in Southern Europe.
• Jamaica — Island country in the Caribbean.
• Japan — Island country in East Asia.
• Jordan — Country in West Asia.
• Kazakhstan — Country in Central Asia.
• Kenya — Country in East Africa.
• Kiribati — Island country in the central Pacific (Oceania).
• Kuwait — Country in West Asia on the Persian Gulf.
• Kyrgyzstan — Country in Central Asia.
• Laos — Landlocked country in Southeast Asia.
• Latvia — Country in Northern Europe (the Baltics).
• Lebanon — Country in West Asia on the eastern Mediterranean.
• Lesotho — Landlocked country within Southern Africa.
• Liberia — Country in West Africa.
• Libya — Country in North Africa.
• Liechtenstein — Microstate in Central Europe between Switzerland and Austria.
• Lithuania — Country in Northern Europe (the Baltics).
• Luxembourg — Country in Western Europe.
• Madagascar — Island country in the Indian Ocean off East Africa.
• Malawi — Country in Southeast Africa.
• Malaysia — Country in Southeast Asia.
• Maldives — Island country in the Indian Ocean of South Asia.
• Mali — Country in West Africa.
• Malta — Island country in the central Mediterranean of Southern Europe.
• Marshall Islands — Island country in the central Pacific (Oceania).
• Mauritania — Country in West Africa.
• Mauritius — Island country in the Indian Ocean off East Africa.
• Mexico — Country in North America.
• Micronesia — Island country in the western Pacific (Oceania).
• Moldova — Country in Eastern Europe.
• Monaco — Microstate on the Mediterranean coast of Western Europe.
• Mongolia — Landlocked country in East Asia.
• Montenegro — Country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic.
• Morocco — Country in North Africa.
• Mozambique — Country in Southeast Africa.
• Myanmar — Country in Southeast Asia, also known as Burma.
• Namibia — Country in Southern Africa.
• Nauru — Island country in the central Pacific (Oceania).
• Nepal — Landlocked country in South Asia in the Himalayas.
• Netherlands — Country in Western Europe.
• New Zealand — Island country in the South Pacific (Oceania).
• Nicaragua — Country in Central America.
• Niger — Country in West Africa.
• Nigeria — Country in West Africa.
• North Korea — Country in East Asia on the northern Korean Peninsula.
• North Macedonia — Country in Southeast Europe (the Balkans).
• Norway — Country in Northern Europe (Scandinavia).
• Oman — Country in West Asia on the Arabian Peninsula.
• Pakistan — Country in South Asia.
• Palau — Island country in the western Pacific (Oceania).
• Panama — Country in Central America.
• Papua New Guinea — Country in Oceania on the island of New Guinea.
• Paraguay — Landlocked country in South America.
• Peru — Country in South America.
• Philippines — Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
• Poland — Country in Central Europe.
• Portugal — Country in Southwestern Europe (the Iberian Peninsula).
• Qatar — Country in West Asia on the Arabian Peninsula.
• Romania — Country in Southeast Europe.
• Russia — Transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and northern Asia.
• Rwanda — Country in East Africa.
• Saint Kitts and Nevis — Island country in the Caribbean.
• Saint Lucia — Island country in the Caribbean.
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines — Island country in the Caribbean.
• Samoa — Island country in the South Pacific (Oceania).
• San Marino — Microstate enclaved within Italy in Southern Europe.
• São Tomé and Príncipe — Island country in the Gulf of Guinea off Central Africa.
• Saudi Arabia — Country in West Asia on the Arabian Peninsula.
• Senegal — Country in West Africa.
• Serbia — Landlocked country in Southeast Europe.
• Seychelles — Island country in the Indian Ocean off East Africa.
• Sierra Leone — Country in West Africa.
• Singapore — Island city-state in Southeast Asia.
• Slovakia — Landlocked country in Central Europe.
• Slovenia — Country in Central Europe.
• Solomon Islands — Island country in the South Pacific (Oceania).
• Somalia — Country in the Horn of East Africa.
• South Africa — Country in Southern Africa.
• South Korea — Country in East Asia on the southern Korean Peninsula.
• South Sudan — Landlocked country in East-Central Africa.
• Spain — Country in Southwestern Europe (the Iberian Peninsula).
• Sri Lanka — Island country in South Asia.
• Sudan — Country in Northeast Africa.
• Suriname — Country on the northern coast of South America.
• Sweden — Country in Northern Europe (Scandinavia).
• Switzerland — Landlocked country in Central Europe.
• Syria — Country in West Asia.
• Tajikistan — Country in Central Asia.
• Tanzania — Country in East Africa.
• Thailand — Country in Southeast Asia.
• Timor-Leste — Country in Southeast Asia, also known as East Timor.
• Togo — Country in West Africa.
• Tonga — Island country in the South Pacific (Oceania).
• Trinidad and Tobago — Island country in the southern Caribbean.
• Tunisia — Country in North Africa.
• Türkiye — Transcontinental country spanning West Asia and Southeast Europe, also known as Turkey.
• Turkmenistan — Country in Central Asia.
• Tuvalu — Island country in the South Pacific (Oceania).
• Uganda — Landlocked country in East Africa.
• Ukraine — Country in Eastern Europe.
• United Arab Emirates — Country in West Asia on the Arabian Peninsula.
• United Kingdom — Country in Northwest Europe.
• United States — Country in North America.
• Uruguay — Country in South America.
• Uzbekistan — Landlocked country in Central Asia.
• Vanuatu — Island country in the South Pacific (Oceania).
• Vatican City — City-state enclaved within Rome; a UN observer state in Southern Europe.
• Venezuela — Country on the northern coast of South America.
• Vietnam — Country in Southeast Asia.
• Yemen — Country in West Asia on the Arabian Peninsula.
• Zambia — Landlocked country in Southern Africa.
• Zimbabwe — Landlocked country in Southern Africa.
• Palestine — Country in West Asia; a UN observer state comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
• Stateless — A person who is not considered a national or citizen by any sovereign state.

Related topics

• Your ties to home
• Citizenship status
• Your national identity
• Acculturation strategy (Berry)

All topics on ArtaQuest