Parenting style

How you raise (or would raise) children, placed on two dimensions — warmth (responsiveness) and demandingness (control). Baumrind's classic developmental-psychology model, extended to four styles by Maccoby & Martin: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved.

Baumrind's parenting styles (1971), extended to four by Maccoby & Martin (1983), are a foundational developmental-psychology typology — authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved — defined by the balance of warmth and demandingness. A reflective self-ID. (Baumrind's parenting styles)

Groups

• Authoritative — Warm and firm — clear limits with lots of support and dialogue.
• Authoritarian — Strict and demanding, with less warmth — obedience-focused.
• Permissive — Warm and indulgent, with few rules or limits.
• Uninvolved — Low in both warmth and control — hands-off and detached.
• Not a parent — Doesn't have or raise children.

References

• Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1, Pt. 2), 1–103
• Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent–child interaction. In P. H. Mussen & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 4 (pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley
• Lamborn, S. D., Mounts, N. S., Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 62(5), 1049–1065

Related topics

• Parenthood
• Who you care for
• What you most want to nurture
• Schooling you favour
• Caregiving style

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